home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Ultra Utilities
/
Ultra Utilities (NMV)(1993).iso
/
copy
/
dcopy10
/
dcopy.doc
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1993-03-07
|
30KB
|
925 lines
======================================================================
= =
= DOCUMENTATION-FILE =
= =
= DATE: March 8th, 1993 =
= =
======================================================================
======================================================================
= =
= Name of the program : DCOPY version 1.0a / 1.0x =
= (c) copyright 1993 by Reiner Kessler =
= =
= Date of the program : March 8th, 1993 =
= =
= Function of the program : 1:1 disk copy program =
= =
= Author of the program : Reiner Kessler =
= Muehlentor 25 =
= D-2810 Verden =
= (from July 1th, 1993 : 27283 Verden) =
= Germany =
= =
======================================================================
======================================================================
= =
= =
= The program dcopy v1.0a / 1.0x is shareware. =
= =
= =
======================================================================
Contents:
1 Shareware conditions........................................... 2
2 Shareware disk................................................. 2
3 Qualifications................................................. 3
3.1 Copying of specially formatted disks........................... 3
3.2 Copying of non-DOS formatted disks............................. 3
3.3 Formatting with interleave..................................... 3
3.4 Formatting with track sliding (track skewing).................. 4
3.5 Buffer memory.................................................. 4
3.6 Multiple copying............................................... 4
3.7 Speed of copying............................................... 5
3.8 Differences between the versions............................... 5
3.9 Operating instruction.......................................... 5
3.10 Required system................................................ 5
4 Installation of the program.................................... 6
5 Starting the program........................................... 6
5.1 Syntax......................................................... 6
5.2 Options........................................................ 6
5.3 Buffer memory choice........................................... 7
5.4 Screen colour choice........................................... 7
5.5 Batch files.................................................... 7
5.6 Windows and OS/2 integration................................... 8
6 User surface................................................... 8
6.1 Option line.................................................... 8
6.2 Choice panels.................................................. 9
6.3 Disk data report display.......................................10
6.4 Status panel...................................................10
6.5 Report panel...................................................10
6.6 Read/Format/Write/Verify action panel..........................11
7 Operating instructions.........................................11
8 Error handling.................................................12
8.1 Read/write error...............................................12
8.2 Target disk error..............................................12
8.3 Target disk check..............................................13
9 Author's request...............................................13
1 Shareware conditions
The program dcopy v1.0a / 1.0x may be copied and passed on without any
payment, but only in combination with the documentation files
dcopy.txt or dcopy.doc!
The program dcopy v1.0a / 1.0x may only be tested over a period of
four weeks. If you want to go on you have to pay a fee of $ 20
(US Dollars). You have three possibilities to pay:
1. You send the sum in form of a voucher check (US) / crossed cheque
(UK) and the filled-in register form to the address stated above.
2. You remit the money to this bank account:
Account no.: 17941, bank code no.: 291 526 70,
name of bank: Kreissparkasse Verden, Germany.
3. You send a bank note and the filled-in register form to my address.
This is not the safest way but the most profitable to me because no
bank fees will occur.
After reception of the fee the sender is a registered user. The
registration refers to the use on a single PC only. Commercial users,
institutions, schools etc. or users with multi user systems have to
ask for special conditions by mail. The registered user will not
receive a manual or operating instruction, because the program is
designed in such an uncomplicated way that the information you got by
the documentation should be sufficient. Also a full version will not
be sent because the shareware version is the full version. Whenever an
update of the program is available the registered user will receive
just a short note from me. The updated version has to be ordered from
a shareware dealer. There is no update fee.
An error-free operation of the program cannot be guaranteed. The use
is at your own risk. Because the program uses a lot of functions that
are hardware-related malfunctions can occur under certain conditions.
Therefore the author is not responsible for possible program
malfunctions or thus resulting damages.
2 Shareware disk
Following files should be found on the disk:
\readme.txt German introduction text for dcopy v1.0
\readme.doc English introduction text for dcopy v1.0
\dcopy10.exe self-extracting archive (dcopy v1.0)
\fdform18.exe self-extracting archive (fdformat v1.8)
In the archive dcopy10.exe following files should be found:
\dcopy.txt German documentation
\dcopy.doc English documentation (this one)
\dcopy.ico ICO file for MS-Windows
\dcopy.pif PIF file for MS-Windows
\history.txt German history file
\history.doc English history file
\register.doc English register form
\dcopy_at\dcopy.exe program file for 286s or better
\dcopy_at\engl\dcopy.exe program file (English) for 286s or better
\dcopy_xt\dcopy.exe program file for XTs
\dcopy_xt\engl\dcopy.exe program file (English) for XTs
2
3 Qualifications
The program dcopy v1.0 is a 1:1 disk copy program, i. e. the format of
the source disk will also be generated on the target disk.
3.1 Copying of specially formatted disks
The program allows copying of special formats generated by the
formatting program 'fdformat'. For example a 3 1/2" HD disk (1.72
MByte) can be copied to another 3 1/2" HD disk.
So it is possible to copy a 3 1/2" HD disk (1.44 MByte) to a 5 1/4' HD
disk (1.2 MByte). The 5 1/4" disk just gets the 3 1/2" (1.44 MByte)
format.
3.2 Copying of non-DOS formatted disks
Another qualification is the ability to copy non-DOS formats. UNIX
disks, Atari disks etc. can be copied without any problem. There is
only one restriction: the floppy disks must have the same format on
all the tracks.
3.3 Formatting with interleave
Interleave = positioning of the sectors on a track
For example:
Interleave 1, 3 1/2', 1.44 MByte disk (18 sectors):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
For completely reading of the track there is one rotation necessary!
Interleave 2, 3 1/2', 1.44 MByte disk (18 sectors):
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
For complete reading of the track two rotations are required because
every second sector is omitted!
Normally an interleave of 1 is used for all standard DOS-formatted-
disks. To force an interleave for formatting is a function of the
program but you have to activate it by a start option. This function
is only designed for copying non-DOS formatted disks which need an
interleave higher than 1. The interleave of 2 is automatically chosen
for DOS formatted disks with higher storing capacity.
Note:
The reading and writing speed of a disk with an interleave higher than
1 is reduced. Therefore you should consider whether disks with higher
storing capacity are truly needed for the intended purpose.
3
3.4 Formatting with track sliding (track skewing)
Track sliding = positioning of the sectors after a track change
For example:
Track sliding 0, 3 1/2', 720 KByte disk (9 sectors):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + etc.
+ + +
track change track change track change
Each track change takes a small amount of time during which the disk
keeps rotating. When the reading/writing head reaches the correct
track position the first sector is no longer underneath the head.
Therefore one more rotation is necessary to start again at the first
sector!
Track sliding 3, 3 1/2', 720 KByte disk (9 sectors):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 + 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 + etc.
+ + +
track change track change track change
No more rotation is necessary for starting again at the first sector
if the right track sliding value is used!
Normally a track sliding is not used. To force a track sliding for
formatting is a function of the program but you have to activate it by
a start option. It is specially created for professional users. It
depends on different hardware whether the value of track sliding must
be adapted to the respective PC and the different disk formats. This
is an important source of error. If the value is incorrect disks could
be written which won't work correctly on other PCs.
Note:
The speed of copying isn't a sign for the right value of track
sliding. The optimum value for maximum speed can be determined only
during the reading of the floppy disk.
3.5 Buffer memory
The program allows to read and write all the data in a single process.
Therefore a sufficient buffer memory is required. The program may use
ram disk drive, EMS (version 3.0 or later), XMS (version 2.0 or later)
or hard disk drive.
3.6 Multiple copying
By using the buffer memory a disk can be copied several times. This is
quite helpful if the target disk shows 'bad sectors'. The source disk
doesn't have to be read once again.
4
3.7 Speed of copying
The program dcopy v1.0 copies as fast as the hardware allows, i. e.
there shouldn't occur any loss of time caused by the program itself
(see 3.8).
There is no copy speed-up by 'read-only data'. This would be a
contradiction to a 1:1 disk copy program, and also copying of non-DOS
formats without FAT (File Allocation Table) would require further
special treatment.
3.8 Differences between the versions
There are four different versions of dcopy v1.0 on the disk in the
self-extracting archive dcopy10.exe. They differ from the used
language (English/German) and from the program compiling (code
generation for XT/AT). Each user may choose the version he wants to
use on his PC.
Of course the AT version (v1.0a) should be used for an AT PC, because
this one is possibly faster than the XT version (v1.0x).
The XT version has to be used for a XT PC, because the AT version will
not run on a XT PC.
3.9 Operating instruction
The program is controlled by pressing single hot keys. The program
screen operates in ordinary text mode.
A graphic user surface, SAA-surface and the use of a mouse are not
available because this would just slow down the operation speed. The
time that might have been necessary to create these functions was
invested by the author to develop a program that does what it should
really do: to copy disks fast and correctly.
3.10 Required system
The program requires an IBM PC compatible computer with DOS 3.2 or
later and at least 200 KByte main memory.
The program works with all PC video standards (Hercules, CGA, EGA and
VGA).
In case EMS shall be used the expanded memory manager must be version
3.0 or later.
In case XMS shall be used the extended memory manager must be version
2.0 or later.
5
4 Installation of the program
For the installation the self-extracting archive dcopy10.exe has to be
copied to a directory on the hard disk drive, a HD floppy disk or a
3 1/2" DD disk (720 KByte), for example:
copy a:\dcopy10.exe c:\tools\dcopy10.exe
or
copy b:\dcopy10.exe a:\dcopy10.exe
etc..
Starting the program at the DOS-prompt with 'dcopy10' the archive file
will unpack itself. Several sub directories will be created, in which
the different versions of the program will be found (see point 2 and
3.8). The chosen version should be copied to a directory with a path.
Another way is to write a batch file for starting the program (see
point 5.5). All the other versions can be deleted.
The same procedure can be executed with the self-extracting archive
fdform18.exe, as explained for dcopy10.exe. The program 'fdformat' is
a formatting program that allows to generate disks with higher storing
capacity. The operating instructions and the source code etc. are also
in the archive file.
5 Starting the program
5.1 Syntax
The program dcopy v1.0 can be started from the DOS prompt with the
following optional parameters:
dcopy [A:|B:] [A:|B:] [/1] [/F] [/H] [/?] [/Inn] [/ND] [/R] [/Ynn]
The program has to be located in the current directory or in one that
is in the path.
Default: dcopy A: A: /I1 /Y0
5.2 Options
[A:|B:] : Source drive
[A:|B:] : Target drive
/1 : Only the first side will be copied.
/F : The target disk will always be formatted.
/H , /? : This help screen will be displayed.
/Inn : The interleave factor nn is preset.
/ND : The motor stop time of the floppy disk drive will be two
seconds instead of one.
/R : After writing a track it will not be verified (Verify off).
/Ynn : The track sliding nn is preset.
The option /1 is available to be compatible to the program 'diskcopy'
of DOS.
6
The option /ND (Normal delay) is available to give the user the
possibility to reset the motor stop time of the floppy disk drive to
the usual two seconds. This makes sense if the floppy disk drive motor
often stops for a short period of time during the read/write action to
the hard disk drive,
a. because a slow hard disk drive is used as a buffer;
b. because a cache program is used with an activated writing cache.
The options /Inn and /Ynn are displayed after 'Format:' if the preset
is changed and 'format' is activated.
5.3 Buffer memory choice
If you want to use a different buffer memory than the one chosen by
the program you can make your choice by setting an environment
variable. Therefore you type 'set' at the DOS prompt and add the
environment variable.
Possible environment variables are:
for ram disk drive --> set dcopytmp=RAMDISK
for EMS --> set dcopytmp=EMS
for XMS --> set dcopytmp=XMS
for hard disk drive --> set dcopytmp=[disk drive:\][path name]
In case the program finds one of these environment variables the
chosen buffer memory will be used if it is possible.
5.4 Screen colour choice
Another environment variable can be typed at the DOS prompt if
difficulties occur in connection with the screen display/colour
choice.
Possible environment variables are:
for VGA-Monochrome --> set DCOPYCOLOR=VgaMono
for Hercules --> set DCOPYCOLOR=Herc
5.5 Batch files
Of course a batch file can be written to start the program, in which
the preferred start options and the environment variables can be
preset.
Example for a batch file:
c: (* Change to hard disk c: *)
cd \tools (* Directory change to c:\tools *)
set dcopytmp=xms (* Environment variable preset for buffer memory *)
dcopy b: b: /nd (* Program start with options *)
set dcopytmp= (* Reset environment variable *)
cd \ (* Directory change to c:\ *)
Of course the environment variables can be preset in the autoexec.bat
too.
7
5.6 Windows and OS/2 integration
The program dcopy v1.0 is no WINDOWS program or OS/2 program.
Nevertheless there is a PIF file and an icon included in the archive
file dcopy10.exe for the integration in MS-WINDOWS. The PIF file and
the icon will be installed as a new program in the Program Manager
(see MS-WINDOWS manual). The program dcopy v1.0 should always be run
'Exclusive'. Owners of very fast PCs may try to run the program in the
'Background' mode. This however might slow down certain program steps,
for example reading/writing attempts are not successful (display of
failing attempts) or the signal sound is extended. This setting used
with a very slow PC will cause the program to stop and an error report
will be displayed. In any case the reading/writing from the hard disk
should be avoided. This problem can be solved by starting the program
which shall be used during the copying process before starting dcopy
v1.0. While copying you can switch to the other program with the key
combination <ALT>+<TAB>.
Should the program still be stopped by an error report the
reading/writing process simply can be repeated. Therefore the
possibility to set the number of attempts by pushing the 'A' key is
used (see point 8.1).
Often however the copy speed of the program is reduced if it is
started from MS-WINDOWS, either used in the 'Exclusive' or
'Background' mode.
To integrate dcopy v1.0 in OS/2 you should look up the on-line help
function in OS/2 how to install 'ordinary' DOS programs. Unfortunately
the author can't offer further help or experience on OS/2.
6. User surface
6.1 Option line
The bottom line is the option line. Optional keys to be pushed are
displayed here.
Examples of options:
'S' = if two disk drives are available the source disk drive
will be changed from A: to B: or vice versa
'B' = the temporary buffer memory will be changed
'T' = if two disk drives are available the target disk drive
will be change from A: to B: or vice versa
'F' = activates and deactivates the formatting of the target
disk
'V' = activates and deactivates the verifying of the target
disk
'A' = preset of the number of attempts before an error report
will be displayed
8
Further optional keys:
'0'..'9' = a figure between 0 and 9 to preset the number of
attempts
'<ESC>' = abortion of the current action
'Y' = answer 'yes'
'N' = answer 'no',
another key = start of the action
6.2 Choice panels
You can see the choice panels, which correspond with the optional
pressed keys, on the left half of the screen.
When you start the program without options the preset is:
'S'= source disk (Source) A
'B'= buffer memory (Buffer) - (*)
'T'= target disk (Target) A
'F'= formatting (Format) OFF
'V'= verifying (Verify) ON
'A'= attempts (Attempts) 3
(*) Note:
It is not necessary for the user to determinate the buffer memory
before reading the source disk. The program is able to chose the
optimal buffer memory itself.
The order therefore is:
1. RAM (main memory)
2. RAMDISK (emulation of hard disk drive)
3. EMS (expanded memory)
4. XMS (extended memory)
5. HARDDISK (hard disk drive)
If a memory type is not available or the capacity of the memory is not
sufficient the following existing type is chosen that offers the
required capacity.
By pushing the 'B' key you can determinate the memory type yourself.
This enables you to test the copy speed of the different memory types
with the installed hardware. It is possible that the memory chosen by
the program is not the fastest choice or even malfunctions may occur.
When choosing the memory type just make sure that the capacity is
sufficient! If it isn't the program will notice this and will make a
different choice. In case the required capacity of memory is so small
that the RAM (main memory) can be used the program will do this, it
doesn't matter which type the user has chosen. This concerns usually
only 5 1/4" DD floppy disks (360 KByte).
If you want to use another memory type you can preset your choice by
an environment variable before you start the program (see point 5.3
and 5.5).
9
6.3 Disk data report display
Between the choice panels for the source disk and for the buffer
memory there is the disk data report display. Here you can read the
data of the floppy disk's physical qualification. The single
information of the storage capacity isn't sufficient because it is
possible to generate different physical formats on the disks.
Following disk data are displayed:
Side(s)/disk: = Number of sides of the disk
Bytes/sector: = Number of bytes per sector
Sectors/track: = Number of sectors per track
Tracks/side: = Number of tracks per side
The storage capacity of the disk results from this formula:
Storage capacity =
Side(s)/disk * Bytes/sector * Sectors/track * Tracks/side [Bytes]
6.4 Status panel
Below the display of the presets in the left half of the screen there
is a panel named 'Status'. Here the status of the program is reported.
Possible status reports are:
1. Waiting = waiting for a key to be struck
2. Reading = reading of the source disk
3. Writing = writing of the target disk
4. Error! = an error occurred
Note:
The program makes no difference between 'Writing' and 'Formatting'. If
a disk is formatted during the writing process the status report will
be 'Writing'.
6.5 Report panel
Below the status panel there is the report panel. Here further
information and instructions are displayed that will help the user to
continue in the current situation.
Examples:
- Please insert the source disk in drive A:.
- Please insert the target disk in drive B:.
- Error-free target disk generated. Another copy of the source disk?
- Another copy of the source disk?
- The disk is write-protected! Please remove the write protection.
etc.
10
6.6 Read/format/write/verify action panel
This panel covers the middle and the right area of the screen.
During the reading/formatting/writing/verifying the currently treated
track (0 - 99) is displayed (R = Reading, F = Formatting, W = Writing,
V = Verifying). While formatting/writing the currently treated side of
the disk or head 0 / 1 is displayed in addition.
If a track was not formatted/written the number of failed attempts is
displayed.
If a track was not read/verified the side (0 or 1) is displayed on
which the attempts failed. If attempts have failed on both sides of
the disk the figure '2' will be displayed.
If the track was read/written the first time a square root sign '√' is
displayed.
This always means that the action was successful.
7 Operation instructions
a) After starting the program the user can execute the settings in the
above explained way. The source disk should be inserted in the source
disk drive.
b) As soon as another key is hit, for example <Enter>, the program
starts to read the source disk. The reading can be aborted anytime by
hitting the <ESC> key. When the source disk is completely read the
program signals this by a beep.
c) The program asks to insert the target disk in the target disk
drive. The settings for target drive (T), formatting (F), verifying
(V) and attempts (A) can still be changed.
d) As soon as another key is hit, e. g. the <space bar>, the program
starts to write the target disk. The writing can be aborted anytime by
hitting the <ESC> key.
e) When the target disk is completely written the program signals this
by a beep. The program asks whether another copy of the source disk
should be produced.
f) If the answer is (y)es the program starts at point c) again.
g) If the answer is (n)o or the <ESC> key is hit you are asked whether
another disk should be copied.
h) If you answer (y)es to that question the program returns to point
a).
i) If you answer (n)o or hit the <ESC> key the program is aborted.
11
8 Error handling
If an error occurs the program aborts the current action. In the
status panel 'Error!' and in the report panel a comment appears about
the error. The option line refers to possible reactions or keys to be
hit.
8.1 Read/write error
If a read/write error stops the program and you push the key 'A', you
can choose the number of attempts until you get an error. Therefore
you push a key with a number between 1 and 9. So a new reading/writing
of the track which causes the error is started. If the newly started
attempt malfunction, the fault can normally not be eliminated. You may
press another key, e. g. <Enter> if you get a new error and then the
program will continue and read/write the next track.
When the faults occur increasingly and you won't get any more 'Error!'
you have to hit the key 'A' and then the '0'. The account of attempts
is yet the same like the old one.
Note:
In case of an error there is no 'reading of the source disk sector by
sector'. The benefit for the user is low. Normally this function is
only used when there are reading errors and these errors are
positioned in data areas. Sector by sector reading could limit the
damage but not prevent it. In fact of this it is better to acquire a
disk with the same valid data.
8.2 Target disk error
In the following cases you get a target disk error after starting the
writing, if
a) the target disk isn't formatted,
b) the target disk has another format than the source disk or
c) the target disk is not inserted in the target drive,
and if formatting isn't switched on.
The user should react appropriately.
In case of c) you should insert a disk in the target drive.
In the other cases you should switch the formatting on because this is
not an automatical function of dcopy v1.0. This functioning is wanted
and used for all formats. It is caused by the different operating of
the disk drive controllers and the program's facility to read, format,
write and verify non-DOS formatted disks (depending on the hardware).
Without formatting the program nevertheless starts writing but after
the unsuccessful attempts (account of attempts minus 1) it switches
formatting by itself on. If this happens you should stop the action of
writing by hitting <ESC>.
12
The following question for a new copy of the source disk should be
answered with (y)es and formatting should be switched on!!
You don't miss the data of the source disk stored in the buffer by
stopping the action of writing.
The automatical toggle between writing and formatting is made only for
the normal writing without formatting. Perhaps it is possible to write
the disk after unsuccessful writing attempts with a new formatting.
8.3 Target disk check
You should check the first copies of the different disk formats with
the DOS command 'diskcomp', to make sure that the disks are correctly
copied with dcopy v1.0. If the checked disks are valid a check of
further disk copies will not be necessary with 'diskcomp'.
This is a very important point because different errors may occur
depending on special hardware constellations.
9 Author's request
In case of a fatal error (crash, hanging conditions etc.) with dcopy
v1.0 it would be nice and helpful for the author to get a comment
about the faults and system reactions. Also the special hardware and
the data in the config.sys and in the autoexec.bat are of interest.
dcopy.doc end
13